An extremely hot dense focused plasma column is formed in front of the central electrode anode during the radial collapse phase of the plasma focus operation. Prospects for p b fusion with the dense plasma focus. In this paper, we summarize the fabrication of iiiv semiconductor nanostructures using the high fluence material ions produced by hot, dense and extremely nonequilibrium plasma generated in a modified dpf device. The considerable increase of the hard xray emission is evident. The dense plasma focus dpf device is a pulsed capacitive discharge that utilizes the selfgenerated magnetic field for compressing the plasma to very high densities and high temperature and is a source of xrays, relativistic electrons, ions and neutrons. Plasma focus neutron scaling laws from numerical experiments up to 25mj y n vs e 0 note y n e 0 2 at low e 0. Pdf study of dense plasmasurface interaction by a filippov. Pdf operation of nx2 dense plasma focus device with. Rawat, synthesis of nanocrystalline zirconium aluminium oxynitride zralon composite films by dense plasma focus device, applied surface science 25512 626140 2009.
Dense plasma focus device, namely, nanosecond time duration of neutron and hard xray radiation pulses and their very high brightness, to test and develop different detection methods based on pulsed fast neutron analysis pfna concept where elastically and inelastically scattered pulses of neutrons are used simultaneously with xray. Pdf images of the dense plasma focus phenomenon in the 2. The model was also used to optimize yield with respect to driver impedance, anode length, and operating pressure. Fusion reactions from 100kev ions in a dense plasma focus. Internetbased plasma focus course on numerical experiments. Measurements of the basic characteristics of the dense plasma. Construction and physics of the dense plasma focus device. Dense plasma focus from alternative fusion source to. Fusion and applications which showed 500 repeated firings of a dense plasma focus dpf device ht culled from links at which collected this and other relevant research.
Electron temperatures have been measured in a 1 kj mathertype dense plasma focus device uofsi dpf with a hollow copper anode at the university of saskatchewan uofs plasma physics lab ppl. Nanoparticles and nanostructured cobalt deposition using. Jan 21, 2019 the lee mode code has been promoted for better simulation of the dense plasma focus dpf device. The dense plasma focus dpf device has long been known to be an efficient source of neutrons from fusion reactions and of mevenergy ion and electron beams. In this manner, the point where the electrons hit the anode, generating gamma rays. Analysis of nitrogen ion beam produced in dense plasma focus. Induced fields interact with current to dynamically compress gas to thermonuclear temperatures. Chapter 2 modified dense plasma focus for nanofabrication.
Dense plasma focus ionbased titanium nitride coating on. High energy and high fluence argon ions produced in dpf device have been used for the deposition of nanostructures and nanoparticles. A dense plasma focus dpf is a machine that produces, by electromagnetic acceleration and compression, a shortlived plasma that is hot and dense enough to cause nuclear fusion and the emission of xrays and neutrons. A dense plasma focus dpf is a type of plasma generating system originally developed as a fusion power device starting in the early 1960s. It also produces dense concentrations of hot plasma, or plasmoids. This is related to the work of lawrenceville plasma focus to develop cheap nuclear. Mather in the usa and has been studied by dozens of groups over. The lee mode code has been promoted for better simulation of the dense plasma focus dpf device. The hot and dense plasma formed in modified dense plasma focus dpf device has been used worldwide for the nanofabrication of several materials. A denseplasma focus device as a compact neutron source. To promote the understanding of plasma focus devices. Nanomaterials free fulltext dense plasma focusbased. An apparatus for the formation of a dense plasma focus dpf has a center electrode formed about an axis, where the center electrode includes a cylindrical part and a tapered part. What is the dense plasma focus, and how does it work to achieve nuclear fusion.
First, an introduction dealing with a general discussion of plasma devices focusing on the role of a dense plasma focus device as a useful tool in future research. This paper deals with the design of a dense plasma focus device as an engineering project. The dense plasma focusdpf device has long been known to be an efficient source of neutrons from fusion reactions and of mevenergy ion and electron beams. Variation of radiation emission with argon gas pressure in um. The dense plasma focus dpf, a coaxial plasma gun, utilizes pulsed high current electrical discharge to heat and compress the plasma to very high density and temperature with energy densities in. Operation of nx2 dense plasma focus device with argon filling as a possible radiation source for micromachining article pdf available in ieee transactions on plasma science 303 july 2002. Mather in the usa and has been studied by dozens of groups over the last 45 years, resulting in a large and rich literature. A shot in similar conditions, but with a solid brass end added to the anode. Modeling a miniature denseplasma focus geometry and using a particleincell code to design a denseplasma focus device for the first time. Xray emission from dense plasma sequential focus device. Pdf current and perspective applications of dense plasma focus.
Introduction the dense plasma focus device has been recognized as an interesting radiation source, and specially as a plasma based neutron source via 2h2h,n 3he reactions, since its conception in the early days of fusion research mather 1971. The outer electrode is generally no more than 67 inches in diameter and a foot long. A dense plasma focus device as a pulsed neutron source for. Synthesis of nanocrystalline zirconium aluminium oxynitride. Study of dense plasmasurface interaction by a filippov type. Creation of a dense plasma focus device and its application in radiation material sciences for the. Using the outer electrode helical structure an auxiliary axial b field is generated during the final acceleration region of the plasma, which reduces axial modal. Plasma rapidly expands against magnetic nozzle, generating thrust. Plasma chamber with input flanges plasma chamber of dpf device consists of coaxial copper electrode assembly, glass insulating sleeve in between the electrodes, two viewing ports, gas inlet, pressure gauge.
The dense plasma focus dpf, a coaxial plasma gun, utilizes pulsed high current electrical discharge to heat and compress the plasma to very high density and temperature with energy densities in the range of 110. Essentially this approach can be summarized as follows. Each diode of dxs is reverse biased to 45 v and is connected to the oscilloscope through a resistor capacitor combination. Study of dense plasma surface interaction by a filippov type plasma focus device m. Measurements of the basic characteristics of the dense. Prospects for p11b fusion with the dense plasma focus. Variation of radiation emission with argon gas pressure in. Alikhanov institute for theoretical and experimental. Radiation characteristics of the fnii dense plasma focus device. The system demonstrated scaling laws that suggested it would not be useful in the commercial power role, and since the 1980s it has been used primarily as a fusion teaching system, and as a source of neutrons and xrays. Dense plasma focus project gutenberg selfpublishing. The uofsi dpf device is powered by a 5 f capacitor bank charged up to 20 kv with an optimum operating pressure of 100 200 mtorr argon gas. A dense plasma focus dpf also plasma gun is a plasma machine that produces, by electromagnetic acceleration and compression, shortlived plasma that is so hot and dense that it becomes a copious multiradiation source.
The ion beam emission and hard xray radiation pulses last longer than that is expected in a conventional plasma focus and. Design of zpinch and dense plasma focus powered vehicles. The dpf device has always been in the company of several alternative magnetic fusion devices as it produces intense fusion neutrons. Enhancement of charged particle emission from a plasma focus. Study of dense plasmasurface interaction by a filippov type plasma focus device. Chapter 2 modified dense plasma focus for nanofabrication and characterization techniques 32 the operation of this device demands the central electrode to be at positive potential with respect to the outer electrode. Investigation by the vlasovmaxwell equations and experiments hadi barati department of energy engineering and physics, amirkabir university of technology, tehran, iran. Abstract since the initial demonstration of euv emission with xenon as a. Optimization of a dense plasma focus device as a light source for euv lithography igor v. Results and discussion the typical voltage probe and dxs signals at 60, 100 and 120 pa filling gas pressure of argon are given by a, b and c of figure 2, respectively. Dense plasma focus dpf devices are pulsed power devices capable of producing shortlived, hot and dense plasmas 10 cm through a fast compression of plasma sheath.
This is clear from the oscilloscope graphs shown below figure 5 and figure 6. Besides thi s, it emits copious amount corresponding author. The dense plasma focus, or dpf machines at the nnss are currently the largest and most powerful of their kind in the world. Dense plasma focus as a novel high energy density pulsed. Oct 27, 2016 the dense plasma focus, or dpf machines at the nnss are currently the largest and most powerful of their kind in the world. The zpinchdense plasma focus method is an mif concept in which a column of gas is converted to plasma and then compressed to thermonuclear conditions by an axial current i100 ma. Ultraspeed images of visible light emitted by dense plasma focus discharges of the plasma autoconfined paco device are presented.
They emit bursts of neutrons that are used in a variety of scientific. Pdf dense plasma focus from alternative fusion source. The effects of ferrites on dense plasma focus device. The dense plasma focus dpf, first invented in 1954, is far more compact and. The dpf device has always been in the company of several alternative magnetic fusion devices as it produces intense. Pdf dense plasma focus dpf devices applications, which are intended to support the main. The potential of the dense plasma focus dpf for industrial applications in. Pulsed current discharges through gas 100 ma deuterium gas is injected hypersonically into chamber. To enhance the efficiency of plasma focus device as a charged particle source, a new configuration of a dense plasma focus device with three electrodes has been designed and tested. Images of the dense plasma focus phenomenon in the 2kj paco device article pdf available in ieee transactions on plasma science 332.
The deposition process of composite film using plasma focus device being operated with nitrogen as the working gas is as follow. Experimental setup to clearly distinguish between the radiation from the anode end and that from the plasmoids, we used a cylindrical anode with 6cmdeep recess at the pinch end fig. It is also called a highintensity plasma gun device hipgd, or just plasma gun. Design parameter space for a high pressure optimized dense. Simulation and characterization of a dense plasma focus device. The dense plasma focus device dpf, or just plasma focus device what it is and how it works. A dpf device provides intense bursts of electrons and ion beams, xrays, and 2. Aug 14, 2009 the dense plasma focus dpf has been studied as a possible solution to the problem of instabilities. Review of results from the fnii dense plasma focus machine. On the other hand, the high energy density pinch plasma in dpf device makes it a multiple radiation source of ions, electron, soft and hard xrays.
High energy and high fluence argon ions produced in dpf device have been used for. The dense plasma focus dpf, a coaxial plasma gun, utilizes pulsed high current electrical discharge to heat and compress the plasma to very high. At the second step, the influences of the number of the cylindrical cathodes have been investigated. The zpinch dense plasma focus method is an mif concept in which a column of gas is converted to plasma and then compressed to thermonuclear conditions by an axial current i100 ma. A dense plasma focus dpf is a machine that produces, by electromagnetic acceleration and compression, a shortlived plasma that is so hot and dense that it can cause nuclear fusion and emit xrays. Pdf radiation characteristics of the fnii dense plasma. Ultimately, for enhancing the current sheath dynamics.
The dense plasma focus device has been recognized as an interesting radiation source, and specially as a plasma based neutron source via 2 h 2 h,n 3 he reactions, since its conception in the early days of fusion research mather 1971. Nov 12, 2009 what is the dense plasma focus, and how does it work to achieve nuclear fusion. The taper of the center electrode results in an enhanced azimuthal b field in the final region of the device, resulting in increased plasma velocity prior to the dense plasma focus. From these calculations, the wall temperature and ablation rate can be calculated. Optimization of a dense plasma focus device as a light. An outer electrode is formed about the center electrode, and may be either cylindrical, tapered, or formed from a plurality of individual conductors including a helical conductor arrangement surrounding. In this device, natural plasma instabilities are used to create confinement in a dense plasmoid, rather than being minimized as in other fusion devices. Therefore, the central electrode is connected to a. Recently, there has been intense interest in small dense plasma focus dpf devices for use as pulsed neutron and xray sources. Because of its high xray yield, plasma focus appears to be a promising device for xray generation with enhanced efficiency.
Study of dense plasma surface interaction by a filippov type plasma focus device. The dense plasma focus dpf background of present work the dpf is a compact and simple device first developed in the 1960s by n. Analysis of nitrogen ion beam produced in dense plasma. Chapter 2 modified dense plasma focus for nanofabrication and characterization techniques 30 2. The physics derived from inertial confinement fusion icf hohlraum use is applicable in the case where the wall temperature exceeds 105 k, and the reemission flux is estimated for various flux levels. Study of dense plasmasurface interaction by a filippov. Optimization of a dense plasma focus device as a light source. Dense plasma focus device is a source of ions and electrons 5, 6. Representative moments, from the very initial stage to the. The dense plasma focus dpf device has long been considered a compact source for pulsed neutron and xray generation and has provided an.
One such device used is dense plasma focus dpf device. Design and construction of a dense plasma focus device dtic. Soft xray optimization studies on a dense plasma focus device operated in neon and argon in repetitive mode d wong, a patran, tl tan, rs rawat, p lee ieee transactions on plasma science 32 6, 22272235, 2004. Chapter 2 modified dense plasma focus for nanofabrication and. The dense plasma focus device consists of two cylindrical metal electrodes nested inside each other.
Basic characteristics of the dense plasma focus device figure 6. The conic hollow anode geometry is predicted to give the best yield. The preliminary experimental results have demonstrated that the new device can produce several focusing events in a plasma focus device. Recent advancements in experiments and the theoretical understanding of this concept suggest favorable scaling of fusion power output yield as i42. Pdf dense plasma focus from alternative fusion source to. The dense plasma focus device is a source of xrays, neutrons, and beams of electrons and ions. Dense plasma focus dpf device is a type of plasma accelerator that produces. Using numerical experiments based on the lee model in association with abdus salam ictpoea aaapt nu intiiu ntunie plasma radiation sources lab um plasma research lab utm. Experimental results on the irradiation of nuclear fusion.
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